Edgemont Capital Partners Completes Sale of SCYNEXIS Contract Research and Development Business to Avista Pharma Solutions, an Ampersand Capital Partners Portfolio Company

NEW YORK & RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N.C.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Today Edgemont Capital Partners, a leading independent investment banking firm providing merger and acquisition advisory services to healthcare companies, announced that it acted as exclusive financial advisor to SCYNEXIS, Inc. Buy Myambutol (Ethambutol) without Rx in the sale of its contract research and development services business to Avista Pharma Solutions. Lamisil Cream (Terbinafine) without Rx The deal was announced on July 23. SCYNEXIS, a pharmaceutical company committed to the discovery, development and commercialization of novel anti-infectives to address significant unmet therapeutic needs, divested its contract research and development business to focus on development of its lead compound SCY-078. Buy Provera (Medroxyprogesterone Acetate) with no prescription The contract research and development business includes a novel screening platform and technology utilized by leading animal health companies, as well as Good Manufacturing Practices Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (GMP API) process chemistry and analytical service offerings for biotech and pharmaceutical companies. About Divina with free Rx The transaction was led by David Blume, Managing Director and Head of the firm’s Pharmaceutical Services Group, Reid Petersen and Anish Dalsania. “We are pleased to be part of this ‘win-win’ transaction which will allow SCYNEXIS to focus on development of its lead asset SCY-078 and provide a strong platform for this exceptional contract research, development and manufacturing business to capitalize on the strong market demand given the robust market conditions for outsourced pharmaceutical services,” said Blume. “Edgemont was instrumental to us achieving our goals in this transaction, providing valuable advice and flawless execution. Terramycin (Oxytetracycline) without Rx We are grateful for their efforts,” commented Dr. Buy Vitamin D online Marco Taglietti, CEO of SCYNEXIS. As part of the transaction, Avista will occupy SCYNEXIS’ former research and GMP manufacturing facility in Durham, North Carolina and hire substantially all employees associated with the contract services research and development business. http://cholesterolreviews.wordpress.com Avista is a contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) formed through the recent, strategic carve-outs of the CMC business of Array BioPharma, Inc. and contract services business of SCYNEXIS. Avista’s CEO is Patrick Walsh. Avista is a business unit of Accuratus Lab Services, Inc. (Accuratus). Accuratus is a portfolio company of Ampersand Capital Partners. About Edgemont Capital Partners Edgemont Capital Partners, LP (.edgemontcapital.com) is an independent investment banking firm founded in 2001 providing merger and acquisition and financing advisory services to healthcare companies. The firm’s deep healthcare industry knowledge and extensive transaction expertise allows it to address healthcare companies strategic (M&A) and financing needs with great success. The firm’s principals have closed over 100 transactions, representing more than $30 billion in value. For more information on Edgemont Capital Partners’ expertise in pharmaceutical services and other healthcare sectors contact David Blume at +1 (212) 867-8937 and visit .edgemontcapital.com. Investment banking services are provided by Edgemont Capital Partners, LP, a registered broker-dealer and member firm of FINRA and SIPC.

Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Sinopharm-China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry and Sinopharm A-Think Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd Continue Search for Agreement on PV-10 Use in China

KNOXVILLE, Tenn.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. Buy Janumet (Sitagliptin Metformin) with free Rx (NYSE MKT: PVCT, .pvct.com), a clinical-stage oncology and dermatology biopharmaceutical company (“Provectus” or the “Company”), announced that it continues to work with Sinopharm-China State Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry and Sinopharm A-Think Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd to reach an agreement on PV-10 use in China. Discussions continue with the frame of reference established in the original Memorandum of Understanding, or MOU, signed last year and extended since the passing of the original deadline. About Nexium (Esomeprazole) without Rx The original MOU was signed in August 2014, and, since then, the parties have sought to enter into a definitive licensing agreement, subject to additional negotiation, due diligence, and any required regulatory and corporate approvals. Since the signing of the MOU, management of Provectus and senior personnel at Sinopharm-CSIPI and Sinopharm A-THINK have held numerous conference calls, have met face-to-face in both China and the US, and Chinese scientists on staff at Sinopharm have discussed in person PV-10 and its clinical results with the lead investigators at St. Buy Zenegra (Sildenafil Citrate) without prescription Luke s University Hospital and Health Network and Moffitt Cancer Center. Dr. Buy Dexona with no prescription Zhidan Jia , Chief Executive Officer of Sinopharm A-THINK, stated, "We continue to work closely with Provectus to arrive at an agreement which defines the terms of our collaboration in bringing PV-10 to the Chinese Market. Buy Vibramycin (Doxycycline) with no prescription We hope to come to terms in the near future.” About Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc. Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., specializes in developing oncology and dermatology therapies. Buy Styling Gel - Mousse online PV-10, its novel investigational drug for cancer, is designed for injection into solid tumors (intralesional administration), thereby reducing potential for systemic side effects. http://allergy-opinion.blogspot.com Its oncology focus is on melanoma, breast cancer and cancers of the liver. The Company has received orphan drug designations from the FDA for its melanoma and hepatocellular carcinoma indications. PH-10, its topical investigational drug for dermatology, is undergoing clinical testing for psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Provectus has completed phase 2 trials of PV-10 as a therapy for metastatic melanoma, and of PH-10 as a topical treatment for atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. Information about these and the Company’s other clinical trials, including its current phase 3 study in melanoma, can be found at the NIH registry, .clinicaltrials.gov. For additional information about Provectus, please visit the Company’s website at .pvct.com or contact Porter, LeVay & Rose, Inc. FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS: This release contains "forward-looking statements" as defined under U.S. federal securities laws. These statements reflect management s current knowledge, assumptions, beliefs, estimates, and expectations and express management s current views of future performance, results, and trends and may be identified by their use of terms such as "anticipate," "believe," "could," "estimate," "expect," "intend," "may," "plan," "predict," "project," "will," and other similar terms. Forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to materially differ from those described in the forward-looking statements. Readers should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Such statements are made as of the date hereof, and we undertake no obligation to update such statements after this date. Risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to materially differ from those described in forward-looking statements include those discussed in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission (including those described in Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014) and the following: our determination, based on guidance from the FDA, whether to proceed with or without a partner with the fully enrolled phase 3 trial of PV-10 to treat locally advanced cutaneous melanoma and the costs associated with such a trial if it is necessary to complete (versus interim data alone); our determination whether to license PV-10, our melanoma drug product candidate, and other solid tumors such as cancers of the liver, if such licensure is appropriate considering the timing and structure of such a license, or to commercialize PV-10 on our own to treat melanoma and other solid tumors such as cancers of the liver; our ability to license our dermatology drug product candidate, PH-10, on the basis of our phase 2 atopic dermatitis and psoriasis results, which are in the process of being further developed in conjunction with mechanism of action studies; and our ability to raise additional capital if we determine to commercialize PV-10 and/or PH-10 on our own, although our expectation is to be acquired by a prospective pharmaceutical or biotech concern prior to commercialization.

2015 European Markets for Hyaluronic Acid Viscosupplementation - Analysis & Forecasts 2011-2021

DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Research and Markets (.researchandmarkets.com/research/v8bcrd/europe_markets) has announced the addition of the "Europe Markets for Hyaluronic Acid Viscosupplementation 2011-2021" report to their offering. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is an anionic, nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan that is naturally present in the human body. Grifulvin (Griseofulvin) with no Rx It is mainly concentrated in fluids in the joints. Buy Oxytrol (Oxybutynin) with free Rx Its function is to provide cushioning for joints. Individuals who suffer from osteoarthritis are deficient in these fluids. Levitra (Vardenafil) without Rx One of the treatment options for these patients is HA viscosupplementation injections. Much like the BGS market, the HA market has been experiencing price erosion due to an increase in competition, especially in the German market; the price for a five-injection product in Germany had been reduced to a mere 60 for all five syringes. Dermovate with no Rx ASPs for all three cycle products are expected to decline mildly over the forecast period. Key Topics Covered: 1. About Women Pack-20 () Research Methodology 1.1 Research Scope 1.2 9-Step Methodology 2. Buy Smoking online Country Profiles 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Germany 2.3 France 2.4 United Kingdom 2.5 Italy 2.6 Spain 2.7 Benelux 2.8 Scandinavia 2.9 Austria 2.10 Switzerland 2.11 Portugal 3. http://asthmareview.wordpress.com Hyaluronic Acid Viscosupplementation Market 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Market Overview 3.3 Market Analysis And Forecast 3.3.1 Total Hyaluronic Acid Viscosupplementation Market 3.3.2 Single-Injection Market 3.3.3 Three-Injection Market 3.3.4 Five-Injection Market 3.4 Drivers And Limiters 3.4.1 Market Drivers 3.4.2 Market Limiters 3.5 Competitive Analysis Companies Mentioned - Croma-Pharma - Fidia - Laboratoire Genevrier - Meda Pharma - Recordati - Sanofi - Seikagaku - Smith & Nephew - TRB Chemedica - Tedec Meiji For more information visit .researchandmarkets.com/research/v8bcrd/europe_markets

Moderate Psoriasis - Pipeline Insights 2015

. Anacin (Aspirin/Caffeine) with free prescription DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Research and Markets (.researchandmarkets.com/research/w49rlw/moderate) has announced the addition of the "Moderate Psoriasis-Pipeline Insights" report to their offering. Moderate Psoriasis Pipeline Insights provides the in-depth analysis of the pipeline assets across the Moderate Psoriasis. Buy Protein Foods online Deltasone (Prednisolone) without Rx The main objective of this report to track competitor pipeline molecules, related research activities, technology, collaborations, in-licensing and out-licensing deals. http://medicalhelper.wordpress.com Savella (Milnacipran) with no Rx The Moderate Psoriasis Report helps to identify emerging players with potentially strong product information and create effective counter-strategies to gain competitive advantage. Moderate Psoriasis Pipeline Insights Report covers the Moderate Psoriasis pipeline molecules at various stages of development like Pre-registration phase, clinical phases (Phase III, Phase II & Phase I), pre-clinical and discovery phases. Buy Baclofen () The Report also provides Moderate Psoriasis related therapeutic assessments by molecule type, route of administration, monotherapy and combination products. About Cytotam without prescription The Report also highlights the discontinued and inactive projects in pipeline for Moderate Psoriasis. Scope - The report provides a Moderate Psoriasis Landscape across the globe - The report provides drug profiles which includes product description, MOA, licensors & collaborators, technology, development partner and chemical information - Coverage of the Moderate Psoriasis pipeline on the basis of target, MOA, route of administration, technology involved and molecule type - The report reviews key players involved in the therapeutics development for Moderate Psoriasis and also provide company profiling - Pipeline products coverage based on various stages of development from NDA filings to discovery. - Provides pipeline assessment by monotherapy and combination therapy products, stage of development and molecule type For more information visit .researchandmarkets.com/research/w49rlw/moderate

CDC Americans not eating enough fruits and vegetables

A new report reveals that Americans are not meeting national recommendations for consumption of fruits and vegetables. Eating more fruits and vegetables reduces risk of heart disease, stroke and some cancers. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) analysis concludes that only 13.1% of American adults eat enough fruits and only 8.9% eat enough vegetables. The analysis uses the most recent national survey of median daily frequency of fruit and vegetable intake and shows that states varied widely in their consumption. California ranks highest in consumption of both fruits (17.7% of adults) and vegetables (13%), while at the bottom of the list are Tennessee for fruit consumption (7.5%) and Mississippi for vegetable consumption (5.5%). Eating more fruits and vegetables increases intake of essential nutrients and reduces the risk for heart disease, stroke and some cancers. Deltasone (Prednisolone) without Rx Fruits and vegetables also help manage body weight when eaten instead of more energy-dense foods, note the report authors, Dr. Savella (Milnacipran) with no Rx Latetia V. Buy Baclofen () Moore, of the CDC, and Dr. About Cytotam without prescription Frances E. Anacin (Aspirin/Caffeine) with free prescription Thompson, of the National Cancer Institute. For their analysis, the authors used data for 2013 from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Buy Protein Foods online The BRFSS - which in 2013 covered 373,580 respondents - is an ongoing, state-based telephone survey of US adults that collects data on a number of health-related areas, including food and disease. The survey asks people questions about the types of fruits and vegetables they eat and how frequently they eat them. http://medicalhelper.wordpress.com The categories include: 100% fruit juice, whole fruit, dried beans, dark green vegetables, orange vegetable and other vegetables. The authors compared the responses to the nationally recommended guidelines which state that adults who engage in less than 30 minutes of moderate physical activity daily should consume 1.5-2.0 cup equivalents of fruit and 2-3 cups of vegetables daily. (Adults who are more physically active may be able to consume more to match their increased calorie needs.) Substantial new efforts are needed Because of changes to how the survey was done and the types of questions it asks, it is not possible to compare the results with those of previous years, say the report authors. They note that during 2007-10, half of the US population consumed under 1 cup of fruits and under 1.5 cups of vegetables a day: 76% did not meet recommendations for fruit intake, and 87% did not meet vegetable intake recommendations. The impression is that Americans appear to be stuck at a low level of fruit and vegetable consumption as the report concludes: "Substantial new efforts are needed to build consumer demand for fruits and vegetables through competitive pricing, placement and promotion in child care, schools, grocery stores, communities and worksites." The American Heart Association include the following among their tips for increasing daily intake of fruits and vegetables: Fill at least half your plate with fruits and vegetables All produce counts: canned, dried, fresh and frozen Compare food labels on canned, dried and frozen fruits and vegetables and choose the lowest sodium and added sugar content Add a fruit or vegetable salad to lunch or dinner Eat raw vegetable sticks instead of chips Carry dried fruit, such as raisins, dates or dried apricots for snacks Add chopped vegetables like onions, garlic and celery when preparing soup, stew, beans, rice and sauces Medical News Today recently reported on a study from the CDC published in the journal Circulation that finds sugary drink consumption may be responsible for more than 184,000 adult deaths worldwide each year. The study defines sugary drinks as sugar-sweetened sodas, sports and energy drinks, fruit drinks (but not 100% fruit juices), sweetened ice teas and homemade sugary drinks. Written by Catharine Paddock PhD

New chemotherapy light technique discovered

Researchers have successfully pioneered a new technique that utilizes light to active chemotherapy drugs in specific cells, increasing the effectiveness of cancer therapies. About Colofac (Mebeverine) with free Rx The team describes its findings in the journal Cell. Cancer cells can now be specifically targeted by light. Strattera (Atomoxetine) with free Rx Image credit: Malgorzata Borowiak, LMU Munich The research co-authored by Oliver Thorn-Seshold, PhD, and Prof. About Cystone () Dirk Trauner, both from the Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat, Munich, Germany. Cyclandelate without prescription They sought to solve the problem of the severe side effects experienced by some users of widely prescribed chemotherapeutic drugs. There are currently over 100 types of cancer currently identified, each classified by the cell that is affected. Ashwafera () with free Rx Different types of cancer very rarely behave similarly, hence the huge challenge facing patients and health care professionals to identify the best treatment. Buy PMS online Traditionally, chemotherapy drugs do not specifically target cancer cells, and so intersect with the function of normal cells, causing severe side effects such as heart and nerve damage. http://medical-reviews.blogspot.com Due to this risk, the treatment can only be administered in relatively low doses and does not provide the best therapeutic benefit. To overcome this challenge, scientists developed a method for optically controlling microtubule inhibitor drugs that are currently in clinical trials. Inhibitors interfere with the function of microtubules, components of the cell s skeleton that play a key role in cell proliferation, migration and survival. Researchers identified a fixed structural element required for a drug s biological activity and replaced this element with a flexible hinge that can swing open or shut in response to blue light. Prof. Trauner describes the advantage of the technique: "The upshot is that our compounds retain the powerful anticancer effects of existing microtubule inhibitors but add the bonus of tissue-specific localization." The modified compounds, called "photostatins," are effective at inhibiting the proliferation and survival of cells targeted by light, but neighboring cells are unaffected. This technique can be used numerous times, making it suitable for long-term applications in both the clinic and lab. The new development also opens the door for further research because the technique targets a critical microtubule subunit located in the cells of all plants and animals. This method may be adapted to study or treat a broad range of organisms or processes, or even potentially a broad range of diseases in humans. Truly therapeutic Dr. Thorn-Seshold hopes the elimination of the unwanted side effects ensures "the new compounds will be able to be used in medicine at dosages that are truly therapeutic in tumors, thus achieving a much more effective therapy than currently possible." In future clinical settings, scientists hope the technique can treat a range of conditions. Eye cancer patients can be treated wearing blue-tinted glasses and skin cancer with a bandage that delivers light. An implantable network of tiny LEDs that blink every few minutes to maintain the chemotherapeutic effect can be used for internal tumors. Dr. Thorn-Seshold hopes the results will be an important step in the development of cancer treatment, he said: "The field of photopharmacology is very young, so it may take some time for the pharmaceutical industry to recognize the value of compounds. Yet if our ongoing studies are successful, we will have a convincing proposition for further preclinical development, and we are committed to getting as far into real therapy as we can." Written by Peter Lam

Tours of Iraq and Afghanistan highlight those soldiers at highest suicide risk

. http://webmdhelper.wordpress.com Researchers have analyzed data from 9,791 Army personnel who attempted suicide during the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, identifying risk factors for enlisted soldiers and officers. Officer ranks in the Army were at much lower risk for suicide than regular enlisted soldiers. According to the study in JAMA Psychiatry, from 2004 through 2009, the Army experienced the longest sustained increase in suicide rates relative to the other US military branches (Navy, Marines and Air Force). Atrovent (Ipratropium Bromide) without Rx Nonfatal attempts rose sharply in line with an increase in fatal attempts. Dr. Viagra Super Active (Sildenafil Citrate) with no prescription Robert Ursano, of the Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences in Bethesda, MD, and coauthors identified risk factors among the data. Buy Serevent (Salmeterol) Enlisted soldiers had higher odds for a suicide attempt if they were: Female Had entered the Army at age 25 years or older Were currently 29 years old or younger Had not completed high school Were in their first 4 years of service Had a mental health diagnosis during the previous month. The research finds that female enlisted soldiers are more than twice as likely as male enlisted soldiers to attempt suicide in spite of accounting for only 13.7% of the active-duty regular Army - so may be considered for risk assessment interventions, say the authors. The researchers estimates showed that soldiers were more likely to get into a suicidal state than their managing officers. Enlisted women had nearly 13 times the risk of female officers for a suicide attempt; and enlisted soldiers who entered the Army at 25 years or older had more than 16 times the risk of officers in the same age group. The authors conclude: "Enlisted soldiers in their first tour of duty account for most medically documented suicide attempts. About Colazal without Rx Risk is particularly high among soldiers with a recent mental health diagnosis. A concentration of risk strategy that incorporates factors such as sex, rank, age, length of service, deployment status and mental health diagnosis into targeted prevention programs may have the greatest effect on population health within the US Army." Dr. About Cephalexin (Cephalexin) with no Rx Ursano and team used data on documented suicide attempts in active-duty US Army members during the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq from the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members (Army STARRS). Higher ranks at lower risk While enlisted soldiers constituted 83.5% of active-duty regular Army soldiers, they accounted for almost all cases of suicide attempt (98.6%, or 9,650 cases). This equated to an overall rate of 377 per 100,000 person-years during the study period. Officer ranks (both commissioned and warrant) accounted for 16.5% of the regular Army but only 1.4% of suicide attempts (141 cases), equating to an overall rate of 27.9 per 100,000 person-years. The peak time for suicide risk in enlisted soldiers was the second month of duty, after which the risk fell as length of service increased. Buy Natural Household Cleaners online The groups showing lower likelihood of a suicide attempt were: Black, Hispanic or Asian race or ethnicity Currently deployed enlisted soldiers (as compared with other enlisted soldiers). The study authors make this recommendation: "Future studies should examine suicide attempt risk in the context of other military characteristics (for example, military occupational specialty, number of previous deployments, history of promotion and demotion) and mental health indicators (for example, number and types of psychiatric diagnoses, treatment history)." Written by Markus MacGill

Two potential biomarkers for severe heart disease in insulin resistance found

Some people with insulin resistance develop a very severe form of heart disease, for reasons that are not clear. Atripla (Efavirenz+Emtricitabine+Tenofovir) with free Rx Now, researchers have uncovered two potential biomarkers for severe coronary disease in insulin-resistant subjects. Insulin resistance raises not only the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but also of heart disease. In PLOS ONE, researchers at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine describe how they used pigs to show high levels of oxidized LDL cholesterol and glycated proteins (fructosamine or hemoglobin A1c) could be markers for the development of severe coronary disease, especially in females. First author Timothy Nichols, professor of medicine and pathology, says: "If these correlations were also found in insulin-resistant humans, then we would want to do everything we could to treat them because they would be at a very high risk of developing severe cardiovascular disease." There are tens of millions of Americans with insulin resistance, which raises not only the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, but also of heart disease - where the coronary arteries get clogged up with fatty deposits (a condition called atherosclerosis). About Xifaxan (Rifaximin) with free prescription Some people with insulin resistance never develop heart disease, while others experience moderate blockages. Buy Micronase (Glyburide) with no Rx However, there are some that go on to develop severe atherosclerosis, with multiple blockages and deterioration of the heart arteries. Buy Clomiphene with no prescription Researchers developed an insulin-resistant animal model To investigate the link between insulin resistance and heart disease, the team developed a first-of-its-kind animal model. Fast facts about insulin resistance Insulin is a hormone that helps cells absorb glucose and use it for energy Insulin resistance is where the body produces insulin but does not use it effectively Insulin resistance increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Buy Cialis Strong Pack-60 () without Rx If diagnosed early, changes to lifestyle can often prevent or delay progression to diabetes. Find out more about diabetes The initial aim was not to pinpoint biomarkers, but to create an insulin-resistant animal that mimicked human heart disease. Buy Miscellaneous online They chose pigs because they have a similar metabolism to humans, and their hearts are also like ours. To induce insulin resistance, they put the pigs on a high fat, high salt diet for a year. http://medical-questions-answers.blogspot.com All the pigs developed coronary and aortic atherosclerosis - but only half developed the most severe form of the disease. But when they looked for correlations between high insulin resistance and the most severe form of heart disease, the researchers could not find any. This unexpected result puzzled the team, until senior author David Clemmons, a professor of medicine, and of biochemistry and biophysics, recalled how earlier studies had found a link between atherosclerosis and glycated proteins - proteins bonded with sugars in blood. And sure enough, when they tested the pigs levels of fructosamine and oxidized LDL cholesterol - surrogates for glycated proteins - they found them to be elevated in all the pigs with severe heart disease. Insulin-resistant females more susceptible There was also a gender effect in the results. 14 of the 20 pigs that developed severe heart disease were female, and 14 of the 17 pigs that did not develop severe heart disease were male. Again, this surprised the team, says Prof. Clemmons, who searched the literature for anything similar. He found a study published in 2005 that was done in Finland and showed higher glycated protein levels were strongly associated with advanced heart disease and increased rates of death in women but not in men. Prof. Clemmons says the underlying mechanisms remain unclear, and adds: "But now we have a unique animal model that very much mimics what we see in humans. Our model is a good predictor of diet-induced atherosclerosis in females." He says they could now look more closely at what is different in the female pigs that increases their susceptibility to severe heart disease when their glycated protein levels are higher. One step the team is considering is to look in the heart tissue for abnormal biochemistry in the cellular pathways involved in glycated proteins and severe coronary disease. They conclude that their findings could help researchers further investigate and perhaps target drugs to help people with insulin resistance avoid the worst kind of heart disease. Funds for the study came from the National Institutes of Health and the North Carolina Biotechnology Center. Medical News Today recently learned of another study published in Circulation, which suggested PTSD may raise risk of heart attack or stroke in women by up to 60%. The study - the first to look at trauma exposure, PTSD and onset of cardiovascular disease exclusively in women - shows PTSD is not just a mental problem, it can also have a profound effect on physical health. Written by Catharine Paddock PhD

Targeting gene-control molecule may heal chronic wounds

Wound healing is a complex process that progresses in stages and for which there are few targeted treatments for when it goes wrong. Buy Viagra Gold (Sildenafil Citrate + L-Arginine + Giseng + Vitamin B6 + Folic Acid) without prescription Now, a new study has discovered how a small molecule that regulates gene expression plays a key role in progressing wounds through their healing stages. The researchers suggest the molecule they identified could be a new target for treating chronic wounds. Chronic wounds affect between 0.2 and 1% of people in developed countries and represent a growing health concern and cost to society. Current treatments concentrate on controllable factors such as clearing infections. Buy Aralen (Chloroquine Phosphate) with no prescription The researchers behind the new study note there is a pressing need for treatments that go further than this and target the wound healing process itself. The researchers suggest the molecule they identified - called miR-132 - could be a target for new treatments for wounds that are hard to treat. In the Journal of Clinical Investigation, they describe how they focused on two of the stages of wound healing: the inflammatory and the proliferative. Viramune (Nevirapine) with no prescription During the inflammatory stage, immune cells clear away debris such as damaged and dead cells and bacteria. During the proliferative stage, skin cells multiply to grow new tissue. Buy Cibalith-S without prescription The transition to this stage from the inflammatory stage is a critical one and can decide whether the wound heals successfully or not. miR-132 very active during inflammatory and peaks during proliferative stage Following on from previous work, the researchers investigated a group of molecules called microRNAs (abbreviated miRNAs) - small pieces of genetic code that do not hold instructions for making proteins, but regulate the genes that do. They collected skin biopsies from the edge of wounds and looked for changes in miRNA expression during the healing process. The team found that one miRNA in particular - called miR-132 - was very active during the inflammatory stage in a type of skin cell called epidermal keratinocytes, which form the outermost layer of the skin. Buy Dulcolax (Bisacodyl) with free prescription They also noticed how the molecule peaked in the subsequent proliferative stage. During the inflammatory stage, miR-132 caused fewer immune cells to move to the wound. Buy Lip Balms and Plumpers online Conversely, a lack of miR-132 caused more immune cells to move to the wound and increase inflammation. During the proliferative stage, miR-132 promoted keratinocyte growth, while a lack of it held back cell growth and slowed wound healing. Principal investigator, Ning Xu Land en, an assistant professor in the department of medicine at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden, says: "Our results show that miR-132 is important during the transition from the inflammatory to the proliferative phase and therefore acts as a critical regulator of skin wound healing. Due to its pro-healing capacity, miR-132 may be an attractive therapeutic target for chronic skin wounds. http://webmdmagazine.wordpress.com Our goal is to develop a microRNA-based treatment to promote healing." Meanwhile, another team is working on a way to use nanoparticles to hasten wound healing. A study that Medical News Today reported in March 2015, explains how the experimental therapy - which uses nanoparticles to deliver an enzyme blocker - cut wound healing time by 50% in mice. The researchers - from the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY - hope their treatment will one day help patients with all kinds of wounds, from surgical incisions to diabetic ulcers. Written by Catharine Paddock PhD

Could eye color predict the risk of alcohol dependence?

. Buy Epivir Hbv (Lamivudine) with no Rx esearchers from the University of Vermont in Burlington have suggested a somewhat surprising way to identify a person s risk of alcohol dependence: eye color. Researchers suggest people with light-colored eyes - particularly those with blue eyes - may be at higher risk for alcohol dependence. Their study, published in the American Journal of Medical Genetics: Neuropsychiatric Genetics (Part B), suggests people with light-colored eyes are more likely to be alcohol dependent than those with brown eyes, with blue-eyed individuals at highest risk. The research team - led by Arvis Sulovari, a doctoral student in cellular, molecular and biomedical sciences, and Dawei Li, assistant professor of microbiology and molecular genetics - says their study is the first to make such an association. According to the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, around 16.6 million adults and almost 700,000 youths in the US had an alcohol use disorder in 2013. Buy Kidney online Zyrtec (Cetirizine) Each year, nearly 88,000 people die from alcohol-related causes, making it the third leading preventable cause of death in the US. Sulovari, Li and their team note that previous research in individuals of European ancestry has shown that people with light-colored eyes tend to consume more alcohol than those with dark-colored eyes, but they note that no studies had investigated whether there is a link between eye color and alcohol dependence. Genetic link between eye color and alcoholism To find out, the researchers analyzed information from a clinical and genetic database of more than 10,000 people who had been diagnosed with at least one psychiatric illness, including depression, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and drug or alcohol dependence. "These are complex disorders," says Li. http://doctor-consult.blogspot.com About Aventyl (Nortriptyline) with free Rx "There are many genes, and there are many environmental triggers." The team included 1,263 alcohol-dependent Americans with European ancestry in their final analysis, and assessed the genetic samples of each individual. The results revealed that individuals with light-colored eyes - particularly those with blue eyes - were at higher risk of alcohol dependence than people with brown eyes. Buy Azulfidine (Sulfasalazine) with no prescription These results remained after being retested three times, accounting for subjects age, gender, ethnicity and geographical location. Commenting on the findings, Sulovari says: "This suggests an intriguing possibility - that eye color can be useful in the clinic for alcohol dependence diagnosis." In addition, the team identified associations between genes related to eye color and genes related to alcohol dependence. Buy Cephalexin with no Rx "We found evidence of linkage disequilibrium between an alcohol dependent-associated GABA receptor gene cluster, GABRB3/GABRG3, and eye color genes, OCA2/HERC2, as well as between alcohol dependent-associated GRM5 and pigmentation-associated TYR," they explain. The team says the mechanisms underlying the link between eye color and alcohol dependence are unclear, and more studies are needed to better understand the association. Still, they suggest their results may help uncover the genetic roots of alcoholism as well as other psychiatric disorders. Last month, Medical News Today reported on a study published in JAMA Psychiatry, in which researchers claim 1 in 3 Americans are affected by alcohol use disorders in their lifetime. Written by Honor Whiteman

Gilead presenta una solicitud de nuevo f'armaco ante la Administraci'on de Alimentos y F'armacos de EE.UU. para un r'egimen de 'unico comprimido basado en rilpivirina, emtricitabina y tenofovir alafenamida (R/F/TAF) para el VIH

FOSTER CITY, Calif.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Gilead Sciences, Inc. Trileptal (Oxcarbazepine) (NASDAQ: GILD) ha anunciado hoy que ha enviado una solicitud de nuevo f armaco a la Administraci on de Alimentos y F armacos de EE. About Clozaril (Clozapine) without prescription UU. Ayurslim () with no prescription (FDA) para un r egimen de unico comprimido, una vez al d ia, en fase de investigaci on que combina la emtricitabina 200 mg y la tenofovir alafenamida 25 mg de Gilead (TAF) con la rilpivirina 25 mg (R/F/TAF) de Janssen Sciences Ireland UC, una de las empresas farmac euticas de Janssen, propiedad de Johnson & Johnson, para el tratamiento del VIH-1 en adultos y ni~nos a partir de 12 a~nos. About Carafate with free prescription Los datos incluidos en la solicitud respaldan el uso de R/F/TAF entre pacientes de VIH que no han recibido tratamiento o que han sido suprimidos virol ogicamente y quieren reemplazar su r egimen actual de antirretrovirales. Gilead ha presentado a la FDA la solicitud de revisi on prioritaria concedida por Knight Therapeutics en noviembre de 2014 junto con la de R/F/TAF. Buy Herbal Penylarge () with no Rx Seg un la ley de prescripci on del uso de f armacos estadounidense (PDUFA), la fecha de acci on de la solicitud del nuevo f armaco no ser a efectiva hasta seis meses despu es de su aceptaci on por la FDA. «R/F/TAF es la tercera presentaci on de f armaco basado en TAF de Gilead en menos de un a~no y estamos entusiasmados ante la posibilidad de poder ofrecer a las personas con VIH un tratamiento efectivo m as con un perfil de seguridad favorable», ha afirmado Norbert Bischofberger, PhD, vicepresidente ejecutivo del I+D y director general cient ifico de Gilead Scienses. Buy Hair Treatments online «El R/F/TAF tambi en representa el esfuerzo conjunto de Gilead y Janssen para incrementar y, potencialmente, mejorar los tratamientos de VIH para un n umero de pacientes». TAF es un nuevo inhibidor nucle otido de la transcriptasa reversa (INTR) en fase de investigaci on que ha demostrado tener una alta eficacia antiviral en dosis una d ecima parte menores que Viread® (fumarato de disoproxilo de tenofovir, FDT) de Gilead, as i como mejores par ametros de laboratorio renales y oseos si se comparan con los ensayos cl inicos de FDT en combinaci on con otros agentes antirretrovirales. Adem as del R/F/TAF, hay otros dos tratamientos para el VIH basados en TAF que est an siendo evaluados por la FDA. http://webmdconsult.wordpress.com En noviembre de 2014, Gilead present o una solicitud para un r egimen de unico comprimido diario que contiene elvitegravir 150 mg, cobicistat 150 mg, emtricitabina 200 mg y TAF 20 mg (E/C/F/TAF). Gilead envi o otra solicitud en abril de 2015 para dos dosis de una combinaci on en investigaci on de dosis fija de emtricitabina y tenofovir alafenamida (200/10 mg y 200/25 mg) (F/TAF) para usar junto a otros agentes antirretrovirales del VIH. Seg un la PDUFA, la fecha de acci on de esta solicitud es el 5 de noviembre de 2015 para el E/C/F/TAF y el 7 de abril de 2016 para el F/TAF. La solicitud de autorizaci on de comercializaci on en la Uni on Europea fue validada el 23 de diciembre de 2014 y el 28 de mayo de 2015 para el E/C/F/TAF y el F/TAF respectivamente. Gilead planea enviar una solicitud reglamentaria para la comercializaci on del R/F/TAF en la Uni on Europea en el tercer trimestre de 2015. La solicitud del nuevo f armaco est a respaldada por un estudio de bioequivalencia que demostr o que el R/F/TAF alcanz o los mismo niveles de f armaco de emtricitabina y TAF en la sangre que el E/C/F/TAF (en una dosis de TAF de 10 mg) y los mismos niveles de f armaco de rilpivirina que una dosis de 25 mg de rilpivirina sola (Edurant®). La seguridad y eficacia del TAF est a amparada por una serie de estudios cl inicos con pacientes de VIH, que incluye a adultos y adolescentes que nunca hab ian recibido tratamiento, adultos suprimidos virol ogicamente que cambiaron de r egimen y adultos con insuficiencia renal de media a moderada. En los estudios, el tratamiento basado en TAF (administrado como E/C/F/TAF) result o no ser de menor eficacia y mejor o los patrones de laboratorio renales y oseos con respecto a la terapia basada en TDF (administrada como E/C/F/TDF o Stribild®). La presentaci on de R/F/TAF es el ultimo paso de un acuerdo de desarrollo y comercializaci on entre Gilead y Janssen establecido en 2009 y ampliado. Seg un este acuerdo, con el producto pendiente de aprobaci on, Gilead ser a el responsable de la fabricaci on, registro, distribuci on y comercializaci on del r egimen en la mayor ia de los pa ises, mientras que Janssen lo distribuir a en, aproximadamente, 17 mercados. Tendr an derechos conjuntos en algunos de los mercados m as importantes, como EE. UU. El acuerdo original surgi o para el desarrollo y la comercializaci on de Complera®, comercializado como Eviplera® en la Uni on Europea. Un cuarto r egimen basado en TAF, en investigaci on, contiene TAF, emtricitabina y cobicistat de Gilead y darunavir de Janssen (D/C/F/TAF) tambi en en desarrollo bajo otro acuerdo de licencia. Seg un este acuerdo, Gilead transferir a a Janssen el posterior desarrollo del r egimen, sujeto a la aprobaci on normativa, la fabricaci on, el registro, la distribuci on y la comercializaci on del producto en todo el mundo. Los reg imenes basados en TAF son productos en fase de investigaci on y no se ha determinado a un su seguridad o eficacia. Acerca de Gilead Sciences Gilead Sciences es una empresa biofarmac eutica centrada en el descubrimiento, desarrollo y comercializaci on de productos terap euticos innovadores en areas con necesidades m edicas no cubiertas. La misi on de Gilead es avanzar en la atenci on a pacientes que padecen enfermedades potencialmente letales en todo el mundo. Con sede central en Foster City, California, Gilead cuenta con operaciones en m as de 30 pa ises de todo el mundo. Afirmaciones referidas al futuro Este comunicado de prensa incluye afirmaciones referidas al futuro al amparo de lo contenido en la Ley de Reforma de Litigio de Valores Privados de 1995, que est an sujetas a riesgos, incertidumbres y otros factores, incluido el riesgo de no conseguir autorizaci on para comercializar R/F/TAF en la Uni on Europea dentro de los plazos previstos. Adem as, existe la posibilidad de que la FDA u otras autoridades competentes no aprueben F/TAF, E/C/F/TAF, R/F/TAF, D/C/F/TAF u otros reg imenes basados en F/TAF dentro de los plazos previstos actualmente o incluso de que no lo aprueben en absoluto. Una vez aprobada para su comercializaci on, si se consigue, pueden existir limitaciones importantes en su uso. Como resultado, es posible que F/TAF, E/C/F/TAF, R/F/TAF, D/C/F/TAF y otros reg imenes basados en F/TAF no lleguen a comercializarse nunca. Estos riesgos, incertidumbres y otros factores podr ian causar que los resultados actuales difieran de forma material de aquellos incluidos en estas afirmaciones referidas al futuro. Se recomienda al lector que no deposite confianza en estas afirmaciones referidas al futuro. Estos y otros riesgos est an descritos en detalle en el informe anual de Gilead en el formulario trimestral 10-Q correspondiente al trimestre cerrado el 31 de marzo de 2015, presentado ante la SEC. Todas las afirmaciones referentes al futuro est an basadas en informaci on actualmente disponible para Gilead y Gilead no asume obligaci on alguna de actualizar dichas afirmaciones en un futuro. Informaci on de prescripci on completa para EE.UU. de Viread, Complera y Stribild, incluidas las ADVERTENCIAS para ambos productos, est a disponible en .gilead.com. Viread, Complera y Stribild son marcas comerciales registradas de Gilead Sciences, Inc .o de sus empresas vinculadas. Para m as informaci on sobre Gilead Sciences, visite el sitio web de la empresa en .gilead.com, siga a Gilead en Twitter (@GileadSciences) o llame al Departamento de Relaciones P ublicas de Gilead al n umero 1-800-GILEAD-5 o 1-650-574-3000. El comunicado en el idioma original, es la versi on oficial y autorizada del mismo. La traducci on es solamente un medio de ayuda y deber a ser comparada con el texto en idioma original, que es la unica versi on del texto que tendr a validez legal.

New study of human memory is 'a major achievement'

A collaborative team of researchers from the University of Leicester in the UK and Ronald Reagan University College-Los Angeles Medical Center, CA, claims to have made "a spectacular discovery" in understanding how memories are formed. The scientists showed the participants images of celebrities and famous landmarks, both separately and combined, such as Clint Eastwood appearing in front of the Leaning Tower of Pisa.Image credit: University of Leicester Published in the journal Neuron, the findings are the result of a 5-year study led by Dr. Trileptal (Oxcarbazepine) Matias Ison and Prof. About Clozaril (Clozapine) without prescription Rodrigo Quian Quiroga at the University of Leicester and Dr. Ayurslim () with no prescription Itzhak Fried at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center. "Almost a decade ago, when I obtained a PhD in Statistical Physics from the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina," says Dr. About Carafate with free prescription Ison, "I decided to join Quian Quiroga s team at the University of Leicester to work on Neuroscience. Buy Herbal Penylarge () with no Rx Back then it was hard to imagine that I was going to be able to contribute to the understanding of how the brain works at such [a] vital level. Buy Hair Treatments online It really feels like a major achievement." This study, which was conducted in humans, builds on findings from previous animal studies of the role the medial temporal lobe plays in the formation of episodic memories. However, animal studies are limited in what they can tell us, because the experiments are reliant on extensive reward-based training with stimuli that are not natural. http://webmdconsult.wordpress.com The authors behind the new study say that this approach left it unclear as to how individual neurons might encode episodic memories naturally. The activity of more than 600 individual neurons was recorded in the new study using electrons implanted in the median temporal lobes of 14 participants. All of the participants had severe epilepsy, and the electrodes had been implanted to identify the focus of seizures for potential surgical cure. The first phase of the experiment involved the participants viewing pictures of family members, famous actors, athletes and places, such as the Eiffel Tower and the White House. The scientists then showed the participants composite images that put the people and places the patients had viewed separately in combinations, such as Clint Eastwood appearing in front of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Composite images caused neurons previously activated by just one image to fire for both After seeing the composite images just once, the patients learned to associate the people and places. Analyzing the participants neural activity, the researchers found that - after viewing the composite images - the same medial temporal lobe neurons that fired when the participants first viewed, for instance, Clint Eastwood, now also fired when the participants saw the Leaning Tower of Pisa on its own. And the same neurons that were activated when the patients first saw the Leaning Tower of Pisa image now also lit up when they saw Clint Eastwood on his own. "It was impressive to see how individual neurons signaled the learning of new contextual associations between people and places and that the changes in firing could occur just after one instance," says Dr. Ison. "This was also compatible with basic mechanisms underlying episodic memory formation." He continues: "The astonishing fact was that these changes were dramatic, occurring at the exact moment of learning, even after one trial. The emergence of associations between concepts after a single trial, linked to rapid neural activity changes, turned out to be ideal for the creation of new episodic memories." Next, the researchers will investigate why some related concepts are consolidated into long-term memories while others are discarded. The team wants to see if it is possible to retrieve these forgotten memories by stimulating the brain. Written by David McNamee

A collaborative team of researchers from the University of Leicester in the UK and Ronald Reagan University College-Los Angeles Medical Center, CA, claims to have made "a spectacular discovery" in understanding how memories are formed. The scientists showed the participants images of celebrities and famous landmarks, both separately and combined, such as Clint Eastwood appearing in front of the Leaning Tower of Pisa.Image credit: University of Leicester Published in the journal Neuron, the findings are the result of a 5-year study led by Dr. Trileptal (Oxcarbazepine) Matias Ison and Prof. About Clozaril (Clozapine) without prescription Rodrigo Quian Quiroga at the University of Leicester and Dr. Ayurslim () with no prescription Itzhak Fried at Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center. "Almost a decade ago, when I obtained a PhD in Statistical Physics from the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina," says Dr. About Carafate with free prescription Ison, "I decided to join Quian Quiroga s team at the University of Leicester to work on Neuroscience. Buy Herbal Penylarge () with no Rx Back then it was hard to imagine that I was going to be able to contribute to the understanding of how the brain works at such [a] vital level. Buy Hair Treatments online It really feels like a major achievement." This study, which was conducted in humans, builds on findings from previous animal studies of the role the medial temporal lobe plays in the formation of episodic memories. However, animal studies are limited in what they can tell us, because the experiments are reliant on extensive reward-based training with stimuli that are not natural. http://webmdconsult.wordpress.com The authors behind the new study say that this approach left it unclear as to how individual neurons might encode episodic memories naturally. The activity of more than 600 individual neurons was recorded in the new study using electrons implanted in the median temporal lobes of 14 participants. All of the participants had severe epilepsy, and the electrodes had been implanted to identify the focus of seizures for potential surgical cure. The first phase of the experiment involved the participants viewing pictures of family members, famous actors, athletes and places, such as the Eiffel Tower and the White House. The scientists then showed the participants composite images that put the people and places the patients had viewed separately in combinations, such as Clint Eastwood appearing in front of the Leaning Tower of Pisa. Composite images caused neurons previously activated by just one image to fire for both After seeing the composite images just once, the patients learned to associate the people and places. Analyzing the participants neural activity, the researchers found that - after viewing the composite images - the same medial temporal lobe neurons that fired when the participants first viewed, for instance, Clint Eastwood, now also fired when the participants saw the Leaning Tower of Pisa on its own. And the same neurons that were activated when the patients first saw the Leaning Tower of Pisa image now also lit up when they saw Clint Eastwood on his own. "It was impressive to see how individual neurons signaled the learning of new contextual associations between people and places and that the changes in firing could occur just after one instance," says Dr. Ison. "This was also compatible with basic mechanisms underlying episodic memory formation." He continues: "The astonishing fact was that these changes were dramatic, occurring at the exact moment of learning, even after one trial. The emergence of associations between concepts after a single trial, linked to rapid neural activity changes, turned out to be ideal for the creation of new episodic memories." Next, the researchers will investigate why some related concepts are consolidated into long-term memories while others are discarded. The team wants to see if it is possible to retrieve these forgotten memories by stimulating the brain. Written by David McNamee

A new study has suggested that obese adolescent women who are sexually active are less likely to use contraception than their peers with healthy weights. About Sinemet Cr (Carbidopa-Levodopa) without prescription Those that did use contraception, meanwhile, were found to be less likely to use it consistently. When obese adolescent women did use contraceptives such as the oral contraceptive pill, they were less consistent in using them than peers with normal weights. Researchers at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, MI, assessed the sexual practices and contraceptive use of 900 women aged 18-19 in a longitudinal study. Buy Diovan Hct (Valsartan-Hydrochlorothiazide) without prescription Their findings indicate that obese adolescent women could be at an increased risk of unintended pregnancy. "Reducing adolescent pregnancy is a national public health priority and we need to understand which adolescents are at higher risk of pregnancy," says lead author Dr. ED Trial Pack () with free Rx Tammy Chang, an assistant professor of family medicine. "Our findings suggest that obesity may be an important factor associated with adolescent women s sexual behavior." According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), rates of teenage pregnancy have fallen in recent years. Buy Butop with free prescription In 2013, 273,105 babies were reported to have been born to women aged 15-19 years, a 10% drop from 2012. About Kamagra Soft (Sildenafil Citrate) without Rx Despite this decrease, however, the teen pregnancy rate in the US is significantly higher than in many other western industrialized nations. There are numerous health consequences associated with adolescent pregnancy, which include miscarriage and stillbirth alongside indirect outcomes such as living in poverty and relying on public assistance. Buy General Allergies online Similarly, obese pregnant women are at an increased risk for many other conditions, such as gestational diabetes, hypertension, blood clots, birth-related injuries and requiring delivery by Cesarean section. "Understanding sexual behaviors by weight status among adolescents is critical because of the risk of dangerous outcomes for moms and babies associated with obesity," explains Dr. http://asthmareview.wordpress.com Chang. Research is particularly warranted among 18-19-year olds, who are at the greatest risk of pregnancy among adolescents. Obese adolescents less protected from unintended pregnancy For the study - published in The Journal of Pediatrics - the researchers analyzed a total of 26,545 weekly journal surveys for 900 women aged 18-19 obtained over the course of a year. The surveys measured sexual practices including use of contraceptives, number of sexual partners and average length of relationships for participants. Each participant was also assessed by research staff in a face-to-face interview at the start of the study where their weight was measured. The researchers found no differences in the number of partners, length of relationships and frequency of sex reported by obese women and their normal weight peers. However, obese participants were less likely to use contraception during weeks involving sex (84% of weeks) than those with normal weight (91% of weeks). In addition, when contraception was used, obese women only reported using it consistently for 68% of these weeks, compared with normal weight women who used contraception consistently for 78%. "Consequently, sexually active obese adolescents in our sample were less protected from unintended pregnancy, compared with normal weight adolescents," the authors conclude. They suggest that lower levels of contraceptive use may be attributable to socioeconomic barriers and limited health literacy that could be behind the development of obesity. Low self-esteem could also make obese adolescents feel uncomfortable acquiring contraceptives from clinicians or over-the-counter. It is important that researchers investigate why specific groups at greater risk of obesity and adolescent pregnancy, as the two health statuses can contribute to a cycle of poor health among mothers and their children. "By understanding the barriers that put certain groups of teens at higher risk of unintended pregnancies, clinicians and researchers can tailor interventions to empower adolescents to make healthier sexual choices," concludes Dr. Chang. Recently, Medical News Today reported a study in which researchers have identified a new genetic form of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Written by James McIntosh